Trump Boils Maine Lobstermen
A case study in how a tariff war will hurt small businesses and blue-collar workers.
June 29, 2018 7:37 p.m. ET
Donald Trump has upended global trade relationships, promising that temporary disruption will end in better terms for American businesses. Tell that to the Maine lobster industry that his policies are putting at a major disadvantage in Europe and China.
These should be halcyon days in lobstertown. Maine harvests more lobster than any other U.S. state or Canadian province. Last year it landed nearly 111 million pounds - its fourth-largest annual haul - which it sold for $450 million. The lobster industry accounts for 2% of Maine’s economy.
And China represents a hungry new market. The post-molt lobsters Maine harvests from July through November have softer shells than Canadian lobsters, so they’re lower quality. But they also sell for several dollars less a pound. In the price-sensitive Chinese market, that has given the U.S. industry a competitive advantage over its Canadian counterparts. In 2017 the U.S. exported more than $137 million in lobsters to China, up from $52 million in 2015.
Yet Mr. Trump’s unilateral tariffs are about to erode the price advantage of American lobsters. After the U.S. announced on June 15 plans to impose a 25% tariff on $50 billion in Chinese goods, Beijing retaliated with a new 25% tariff on American seafood, farm products and autos, effective July 6. That’s on top of the 10% to 15% tariffs China already imposes on U.S. and Canadian lobster.
Meanwhile, on July 1, China’s tariff on Canadian lobster will drop to 7%. “I suspect that will virtually wipe out my company’s Chinese sales,” says Tom Adams, CEO of Maine Coast Company, a lobster dealer.
Mr. Adams founded Maine Coast in 2011, but he’s been in the lobster business since summer 1985, when he turned 15. His “sweat equity” has paid off, and last year his company brought in $57 million in revenue. More than one-fourth of those sales are in China. The company employs 50 workers in Maine and Massachusetts, and last year Mr. Adams expanded his York facility, borrowing for much of that $1.5 million investment.
“What happens if we lose 30%, 40%, even 50% of our market share?” he says. “We have to keep paying the bank for that borrowed money.
If we do have an impact in sales, it’s going to have a direct impact on jobs. That’s the only way we reduce our expenses. I hope that doesn’t happen. And to date we haven’t laid anyone off.” Mr. Adams adds that if the trade tensions don’t abate, he would consider moving some of his operations to Canada.
The lobster-sales forecast is also stormy across the Atlantic. While Mr. Trump tweets, the world’s trade negotiators are moving on without the United States. The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between Canada and the European Union took effect in September 2017, and over seven years it eliminates tariffs on 99% of trade between the two.
The EU has already eliminated its 8% tariff on Canadian live lobster. And over the next three years it will phase out a 6% tariff on frozen whole lobster, a 16% tariff on frozen lobster parts, and a 20% tariff on processed lobster. Those penalties still apply to the United States. In 2017 American lobster exports to Europe dropped by more than $20 million.
“Never did we expect it to be so intense,” Mr. Adams says. “Between China and Europe, it’s
a double whammy. It’s like taking body blow after body blow.”
The losers here will be small family businesses and blue-collar workers. Maine lobster wholesalers and processors employ around 4,000 people. Much of the work is highly physical, with workers grading and packing lobsters. Maine also licenses around 4,500 lobster fishermen, limiting them to one boat and one set of gear. You can usually count their crews using your thumbs.
Mr. Trump is furious with Harley-Davidson for moving some motorcycle production abroad amid his tariff battles, but at least Harley is big enough to move. Most of Maine’s lobster industry won’t have that luxury as it pays the price for Mr. Trump’s trade folly.
https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-b...men-1530315457