I'll cite (glup) breitbart here.
To pull the relevant part out (emphasis mine): "[Tampering with a government] is a Class A misdemeanor unless the actor’s intent is to defraud or harm another, then it is a state jail felony. Both Merritt and Daleiden were charged with felonies."
You are absolutely right, WTF, it seems they tampered with the documents in order to harm another, which ups the crime from a misdemeanor to a felony.
Originally Posted by eatfibo
As Per LL's timely entry:
"(f) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(5) that the false entry or false information could have no effect on the government's purpose for requiring the governmental record."
So, it is far different to attempt to use a false ID to dupe the government versus duping a private business, albeit one that only survives on government money.
Additionally, I see no intent to defraud, but rather to set up Planned Parenthood to have the chance to break the law, which it could be argued they would do given the right opportunity - but they merely sniffed this one out because the context was probably strange to them.
Also, you might want to look at the meaning and context of harm in the criminal sense. All black letter law that you read is refined by years of court interpretations - known as "common law". In Texas, it goes all the way back to English common law decisions when Texas was a free and independent State.
Additionally, and unfortunately, I cannot find any citation for going to jail if you lie about sex trafficking.