That was a graph from 2005....of only France and the US. Shirley you can point to something more up to date to hang your hat on.
Originally Posted by WTF
How many times have I already done that? Search for "OECD" under username Tiny.
The definitive OECD study on progressivity of income tax among OECD member states was done using mid 2000's data. Our tax system has become more progressive since then, as (1) marginal rates on capital gains and dividends increased from 15% to 23.8% for upper income earners and (2) in percentage terms, the TCJA cut rates on upper income earners less than on middle and lower income earners.
The study is available for purchase from the OECD. I bought it. I'm not sure I can find it though. Anyway if you want a copy PM me and if you promise not to tell anyone I might send it to you.
I mentioned a post earlier in this thread that I thought had disappeared from Greg Mankiw's blog. Well, it's magically reappeared:
http://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/2011/...ssive-tax.html
I believe table 4.5 is from the OECD study:
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-4.../taxburden.jpg
Progressivity of tax systems is measured by dividing the "share of taxes" of the richest decile by the "share of income" of the richest decile. The U.S., with a ratio of 1.35, is the most progressive.
I've mentioned here that the comments of the OECD economist who did the work appear in the Mankiw blog. What he said is spot on with what I've been telling you repeatedly in this thread and others about inequality in the USA. Our highly progressive tax system reduces inequality, in fact more than any other country according to Peter Whiteford, the OECD economist. It's the way the government spends the money that's the problem. Here's what he had to say:
I am the person who wrote the chapter in the OECD report that is the basis of these figures. It is part of a report on the distribution of income to households, so it doesn’t include taxes that are not directly paid by households, since these are not included in income surveys....[T]he table also calculates the distribution of taxes for the household as whole after adjusting for the number of people in the household, so it will differ from data calculated on income tax returns which are not adjusted for household size.
As others have pointed out this measure includes all direct taxes on individuals so it includes income taxes and employee social security contributions, but not employer payroll taxes. It also doesn’t include sales taxes, but these are much heavier in most other OECD countries, and not as progressive as direct taxes, so if you added indirect taxes in through some sort of modelling it is almost certain that the USA would still have the most progressive overall tax system.
However, as the OECD report points out, progressivity is not the same as redistribution. Progressivity measures how the distribution of the tax burden is shared, while redistribution measures how much the tax system reduces inequality. Redistribution is influenced both by the progressivity of taxes and the level of taxes collected.
In fact, the US system of direct taxes actually reduces inequality more than any other country as well. But overall, the USA reduces inequality a lot less than most other countries, because the other thing that you need to take into account is what taxes get spent on.
Now the US system of social security and cash benefits reduces inequality by less than any other OECD country except Korea. The US social security system is marginally less progressive then the OECD average, but the level of spending is very low – only Mexico and Korea spend less in the OECD.
So while the US tax system is progressive and reduces inequality, the US welfare state is much less effective at reducing inequality. And because the US has a very unequal distribution of income from capital and a much wider wage distribution than many other OECD countries, it ends up as a relatively unequal country after taxes and benefits.
If you look at Nordic countries, they all have much less progressive tax systems than the USA, but they collect a lot more in taxes (including in VAT). They then spend this much higher tax revenue on social security and services, and it is this side of the equation that is most important in reducing inequality.
So the implication is not that the USA either needs to increase or reduce the progressivity of the tax system. If you want to reduce inequality, you need to increase the level of taxes collected and spend it more effectively.
And as to his last point, increasing the level of taxes, I ask why kill the goose that laid the golden egg. Our median disposable income per person, including all forms of income as well as taxes and transfers in kind from governments for benefits such as healthcare and education, is the highest in the OECD precisely because we don't tax the hell out of people and businesses. That is, because we leave more money in the hands of the productive private sector and in the pockets of the people instead of channeling it to an inefficient federal government.