Colonel Timothy J. Geraghty, the commander of the U.S. 24th Marine Amphibious Unit (MAU) deployed as peacekeepers in Beirut, said that the American and the French headquarters were targeted primarily because of “who we were and what we represented."
Originally Posted by lostincypress
Yes, Lost-in-space, Geraghty said those words, but you've obviously failed to understand that Geraghty's sentiment is the same as the one I stated above: "what the U.S. did or did not do in Beirut was of minor consequence when factoring why the Marines were targeted": the Marines were "targeted primarily because of 'who we were and what we represented.'"
Geraghty, "It is noteworthy that the United States provided direct naval gunfire support [which fired a total of 360 5-inch rounds between 10:04 A.M. and 3:00 PM.] — which I strongly opposed for a week — to the Lebanese Army at a mountain village called Suq-al-Garb on September 19 and that the French conducted an air strike on September 23 in the Bekaa Valley. American support removed any lingering doubts of our neutrality, and I stated to my staff at the time that we were going to pay in blood for this decision.”
Originally Posted by lostincypress
What's your point, Lost-in-space? No "battleships" were involved in those pre-October 23rd shellings, and you didn't prove differently, Lost-in-space!
Really, a DEMOCRATIC controlled Congress with the Senate being held by the Republicans 54 - 46.
House Speaker Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill Jr. (D, Mass.), who had recently distanced himself from Reagan's policy, declared, "I'm more than pleased to know the phase-out is taking place, and the speedier the better."
Senate Majority Leader Howard H. Baker Jr. (R, Tenn.) said, "I'm convinced the President has acted wisely and well given the present circumstances. The rest we'll take one day at a time."
Baker was echoed by House Minority leader Robert H. Michel (R, Ill.), who had openly urged a pullout. Michel called Reagan's action "a wise one" and added, "The important thing is that we are not simply leaving this situation before we know what is going to come out of all this turmoil."....
Originally Posted by lostincypress
One of the Republican HOUSE members speaking out against the use of US troops in Lebanon in 1983, etc., etc.
Originally Posted by lostincypress
Your statements above neither negate nor diminish the role Dimotards played, Lost-in-space, e.g.:
O'NEILL PREDICTS HOUSE WILL BACK RESOLUTION ON LEBANON PULLOUT
By MARTIN TOLCHIN
Published: January 27, 1984
WASHINGTON, Jan. 26— Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. predicted today that the House of Representatives would approve a resolution urging the withdrawal of United States marines from Lebanon.
O'Neill's statement came as Senate Dimotards reaffirmed their opposition to the 18-month deployment of the marines in Beirut.
Both actions reflected the Dimotards' disappointment in President Reagan's discussion of Lebanon in his State of the Union Message. The Dimotards had withheld their proposals until after hearing what the President had to say, and several Dimotards noted that the President devoted only one paragraph to the issue.
Both House and Senate Dimotards introduced resolutions calling for the withdrawal of the marines....
Senator Joseph R. Biden Jr., Dimotard of Delaware, introduced a resolution urging that ''the U.S. should undertake immediate efforts to arrange the prompt withdrawal of the multinational force from Lebanon.''
http://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/27/wo...n-pullout.html
HOUSE DIMOTARDS DRAFT RESOLUTION ON BEIRUT PULLOUT
By STEVEN V. ROBERTS
Published: February 1, 1984
Seven Dimotard Presidential candidates joined in opposing a military presence in Lebanon but differed on the arms race.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 31 -
House Dimotard leaders agreed tonight on a Congressional resolution that would urge President Reagan to begin ''the prompt and orderly withdrawal'' of the Marine contingent in Lebanon.
The leaders ignored protests in their own ranks, however, and declined to include a specific timetable for the removal of the troops...
Language Is Critical of Reagan
The leaders maintain that a firm date would place too severe a restriction on President Reagan, open the Dimotards to political criticism and perhaps touch off a constitutional crisis. But in response to the critics, the language of the resolution criticizing the President was ''toughened considerably'' from earlier drafts, according to House aides.
The proposed resolution, which will be presented to a caucus of all House Dimotards on Wednesday, also urges the President to issue a report within 30 days detailing a plan for removal of the marines and their replacement by troops from other nations.
The statement was written by two leading House members, Lee H. Hamilton (Dimotard) of Indiana and Dante B. Fascell (Dimotard) of Florida, and then refined today by a group of lawmakers appointed by Dimotard leaders to monitor the Lebanon situation....
With the economic recovery continuing, some Democrats view Lebanon as their most promising political issue this year...
Mr. Biden maintained, a ''mini constitutional crisis'' could ensue, with Congress insisting on withdrawal and the President resisting.
A simple resolution, with no date, ''would make it clear to the President that there is no longer anything remotely approaching a bipartisan consensus to let the marines stay for 18 months,'' Mr. Biden added.
http://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/01/wo...t-pullout.html
Caspar Weinberger Sec of Def 1981 - 1987 A few of his thoughts on the Beirut bombing and the strategy of placing Marines in harms way, etc., etc.
Originally Posted by lostincypress
Lost-in-space, those Weinberger remarks are from 2001; new information has been made public since 2001. For example:
Peterson v. Islamic Republic of Iran,
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 2003
MEMORANDUM OPINION
LAMBERTH, District J.
The complicity of Iran in the 1983 attack was established conclusively at trial [2003] by the testimony of Admiral James A. Lyons, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Plans, Policy and Operation from 1983-85. As deputy chief, Admiral Lyons routinely received intelligence information about American military forces. On October 25, 1983, the chief of naval intelligence notified Admiral Lyons of an intercept of a message between Tehran and Damascus that had been made on or about September 26, 1983. The message had been sent from MOIS to the Iranian ambassador to Syria, Ali Akbar Mohtashemi, who presently serves as an adviser to the president of Iran, Mohammad Khatami.[FN12] The message directed the Iranian ambassador to contact Hussein Musawi, the leader of the terrorist group Islamic Amal, and to instruct him to have his group instigate attacks against the multinational coalition in Lebanon, and "to take a spectacular action against the United States Marines." Admiral Lyons testified that he has absolutely no doubt of the authenticity or reliability of the message, which he took immediately to the secretary of the navy and chief of naval operations, who viewed it, as he did, as a "24-karat gold document." [FN13] ...
[E]vidence was presented at trial that Mohtashemi did proceed to contact a member of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard ("IRG"), and instructed him to instigate the Marine barracks bombing.[FN14] The Court heard the videotaped deposition testimony of a Hezbollah member known by the pseudonym "Mahmoud," who was a member of the group that carried out the October 23 attack.[FN15] Mahmoud, a Lebanese Shi'ite Muslim, testified that Ambassador Mohtashemi contacted a man named Kanani, the leader of the Lebanese headquarters of the IRG. Mohtashemi instructed Kanani to go forward with attacks that had been planned against the 24th MAU and the French paratroopers.[FN16]
*7 During this meeting, Kanani and the Hezbollah members formed a plan to carry out simultaneous attacks against the American and French barracks in Lebanon.[FN20] Mahmoud described the meeting and its aftermath: They got the order. They met and adopted the operation against the Marines and the French barracks in the same time...
As testified by Mahmoud, a 19-ton truck was disguised so that it would resemble a water delivery truck that routinely arrived at the Beirut International Airport, which was located near the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut, and modified the truck so that it could transport an explosive device. On the morning of October 23, 1983, members of Hezbollah ambushed the real water delivery truck before it arrived at the barracks. An observer was placed on a hill near the barracks to monitor the operation.
The fake water delivery truck [rigged with the explosive device] then set out for the barracks, driven by Ismalal Ascari, an Iranian.
At approximately 6:25 a.m. Beirut time, the truck drove past the Marine barracks. As the truck circled in the large parking lot behind the barracks, it increased its speed. The truck crashed through a concertina wire barrier and a wall of sandbags, and entered the barracks.[FN21] When the truck reached the center of the barracks, the bomb in the truck detonated.
The resulting explosion was the largest non-nuclear explosion that had ever been detonated on the face of the Earth. The force of its impact ripped locked doors from their doorjambs at the nearest building, which was 256 feet away. Trees located 370 feet away were shredded and completely exfoliated. At the traffic control tower of the Beirut International Airport, over half a mile away, all of the windows shattered. The support columns of the Marine barracks, which were made of reinforced concrete, were stretched, as an expert witness described, "like rubber bands." The explosion created a crater in the earth over eight feet deep. The four-story Marine barracks was reduced to fifteen feet of rubble.
The force of the explosion was equal to between 15,000 to 21,000 pounds of TNT. FBI and ATF explosives experts both concluded that the explosive material was "bulk form" pentaerythritol tetranitrate, or PETN. Danny A. Defenbaugh, the on-scene FBI forensic explosive investigator, testified as to his findings: *8[W]e were able to, through the forensic residue analysis, identify the explosive material, and it was unconsumed particles of PETN .... PETN is a primary explosive that is manufactured commercially and PETN is a primary explosive that is manufactured commercially and primarily for U.S. military purposes. It is a primary explosive that is used in detonating cord. Detonating cord is nothing more than a plastic and fiber-wrapped cord that has the PETN, which looks like a white powder ... that is then extruded inside of that cord ....
In this case, it was not [consumed]; we found unconsumed particles of PETN. That was just like we had found also in the American Embassy bombing. What that means is that it had to have been from a bulk explosive, it had to have been from a manufacturer. Defenbaugh explained that when the commercially-manufactured form of PETN is detonated, it is completely consumed in the ensuing explosion. The presence of unconsumed particles of PETN at the Marine barracks blast site, therefore, indicated that the PETN used in the bomb had not been the standard commercially-available form of the explosive. Instead, it had been the raw "bulk form" of PETN, which is not generally sold commercially. In the Middle East, the bulk form of PETN is produced by state-sponsored manufacturers for military purposes. In 1983, bulk form PETN was not manufactured in the nation of Lebanon. However, at that time, bulk form PETN was manufactured within the borders of Iran.
http://perleslaw.com/pdf/peterson.pdf