So then, in the context of a discussion about gun control and the Second Amendment:
What IS a "Weapon Of War?"
The meaning of this term may seem clear cut at first, but , much like “Art” and “Pornography”, with a deeper look the meaning can become less well defined.
Many firearms now considered appropriate for civilian use today have deep roots in military usage. Every bolt action hunting rifle has an evolutionary connection to Germany’s Dryese Needle Gun and the French Chassepot Rifle of the 1870s.
However, there is a more direct connection to the Mauser rifles of the 1890s. In fact, the primary rifle of the German army in WW-II was nearly identical to the weapon they adopted in 1898, but with minor changes to barrel length and stock. The US Army adopted the “Springfield ” rifle in 1903. The US government subsequently lost a lawsuit to Mauser over patent infringement. This became moot with the outbreak of WW-I. After WW-II, thousands of these rifles, both Mauser and Springfield, were dumped on the surplus market and converted into hunting rifles.
Today, high end gunsmiths create custom hunting rifles starting with newly manufactured bolt actions identical in most details with the Mauser rifle of 1898.
While the Winchester lever action rifles made iconic in so many cowboy movies were never designed as a military weapon, several thousand were bought for the Ottoman army and used successfully in that role. The Colt Peace Maker revolver seen in so many quick draw gun fights on screen begin as a cavalry side arm but was later embraced by the civilian market.
When the US Marines went “over there” in 1917 to fight in Europ during WW-I they brought pump action shotguns for trench fighting. These were commercially available sporting guns modified with a ventilated hand guard and a bayonet attachment that just bolted onto the barrel. These guns were otherwise mechanically identical to sporting shotguns already in civilian hands. Today, the US Army and Marines use shotguns that are mechanically identical to sporting arms from Mossberg and Remington.
Semi-automatic rifles have their roots in the civilian sporting market. When first introduced in the late 1890s, most armies of the world were cautious about adopting them as a primary weapon of war. Small numbers of a few designs were tried, but not adopted. Semi-automatic rifles were mostly civilian owned firearms. When WW-II broke out in 1939, only the US Army had semi-automatic rifles as general issue weapons for infantry. One was the M-1 Garand, a full power battle rifle. The other was the M-1 Carbine firing a reduced power cartridge. After the war, large numbers of the M-1 Carbine were sold as surplus to the public. A few companies made copies of this gun for the civilian market after the war.