Name the largest oil field in the world. It’s the Permian Basin in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico.
In the debate over energy sources fossil fuel advocates have pointed out the environmental shortcomings of solar energy, often specifying the “rare earth” requirements of solar panels and the water pollution caused by mining these elements. Understand this: rare in this case doesn’t mean hard to find. It more generally means that an element is found in limited locations. It must be acknowledged that mining causes environmental degradation, so creating solar panels does, in fact, create some pollution.
But let’s also try to understand the pollution problems of oil and gas fracking development in the Permian Basin. This is what Permian Basin boosters already now. Their association has presented the following information to them. Fracking wells in the Permian Basin require prodigious amounts of water: A median of nearly 11.8 million gallons of water per well. That is an amount that can supply 73,000 households with water for a day. The fracking/oil industry lobbied to prevent the public from knowing all the chemicals used during the fracking process, so the consequences of fracking’s pollution impacts on earth’s underground and underwater resources and other resources are not fully understood.
In the Permian Basin, 252 to 336 gallons (6 to 8 barrels) of water are “produced” per gallon of oil that is yielded. What is “produced water”? This is water that is pumped from a well with oil and gas and contains salts, minerals, and other petroleum residues. It is dirty, polluted water. What do frackers do with the polluted water? They hide it, injecting it back inside the earth. It's what many frackers across the nation do with produced water.
There are about one million onshore oil and gas wells in the U.S. Nearly every one generates “produced” water. To supply the oil we need we “produce” more than 21 billion barrels of “produced water” each year. That’s almost 900 billion gallons of dirty water. This is only a portion of the pollution that is generated by our processes to gain oil and gas. The air quality pollution problems are equally worrisome. The pollution issues are further complicated by the fact that fossil fuel drilling or mining and refining/processing don’t tell the full story. We also create large amounts of pollution when we use oil and gas. That’s not true with solar.
What do we know about the tar sands mining industry? The pollution related to that industry is massive, truly monumental. That’s an entirely different conversation, but from an overall pollution standpoint it exceeds fracking on a per-barrel basis.
The basic question is: How sustainable is fracking and tar sands mining and fossil fuels? At some point we’re going to have to abandon them as the dominant energy source. That transition is underway, despite the remaining investment and profits from oil and gas. Solar and wind are attracting more and more market share. The reason is that solar is sustainable and it pollutes far less than fossil fuels. It’s a better alternative for the future than lots of dirty water and dirty air.