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Citizenship status in territories of the United States
This page provides a brief summary of
citizenship status in the territories of the United States. The United States holds 14 undisputed territories, five of which are inhabited: Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Of these, only individuals born in American Samoa are not considered United States citizens.
[1]
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the United States, meaning that only select parts of the
U.S. Constitution apply to its residents. Puerto Rico is also a commonwealth of the United States, meaning the territory has a political union with the United States. Individuals born in Puerto Rico are considered citizens of the United States. Residents of Puerto Rico cannot vote in federal elections and do not elect any representatives to Congress. The United States federal government also does not collect income tax from those residing on the island. Puerto Rico residents may, however, serve in the military and are subject to most federal laws.
[2][3]
Guam
Guam is an unincorporated territory of the United States, meaning that only select parts of the
U.S. Constitution apply to its residents. Individuals born in Guam are considered citizens of the United States. Residents of Guam cannot vote in federal elections, but they do elect a delegate to the
U.S. House of Representatives, who serves for a term of two years and has limited voting abilities. Residents of Guam also caucus for presidential primary candidates and delegates from Guam are sent to the
Republican and
Democratic national conventions.
[3][4][5]
U.S. Virgin Islands
The U.S. Virgin Islands are an unincorporated territory of the United States, meaning that only select parts of the
U.S. Constitution apply to its residents. Individuals born in the U.S. Virgin Islands are considered citizens of the United States. Residents of the U.S. Virgin Islands cannot vote in federal elections, but they do elect a nonvoting delegate to the
U.S. House of Representatives.
[3][6]
American Samoa
American Samoa is an unincorporated, unorganized territory of the United States, meaning that only select parts of the
U.S. Constitution apply to its residents and the
U.S. Congress has not established a system of government for the territory. Individuals born in American Samoa are United States nationals, rather than citizens. U.S. nationals have the right to reside within the United States and its territories indefinitely. U.S. nationals may also apply for citizenship if they choose. Residents of American Samoa cannot vote in federal elections, but they do elect a nonvoting delegate to the
U.S. House of Representatives.
[3][7][8]
Northern Mariana Islands
The Northern Mariana Islands are a commonwealth of the United States, meaning the territory has a political union with the United States. The
president of the United States is head of state of the Northern Mariana Islands and the territory receives funds from the United States government. Individuals born in the Northern Mariana Islands are considered citizens of the United States. Residents of the Northern Mariana Islands cannot vote in federal elections, but they do elect a delegate to the
U.S. House of Representatives, who serves for a term of two years and has limited voting abilities.
[3][9][10]