President Barack Obama:
President Obama contributed the most to the debt, with cumulative deficits totaling $5.073 trillion in just four years. Obama's budgets included the economic stimulus package, which added $787 billion by cutting taxes, extending
unemployment benefits, and funding job-creating public works projects. The
Obama tax cuts added $858 billion to the debt over two years. Obama's budget included increased
defense spending to around $800 billion a year.
Federal income was down, thanks to lower tax receipts from the
2008 financial crisis. Both Presidents Bush and Obama had to contend with higher mandatory
mandatory spending for
Social Security and Medicare. He also sponsored the
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which was designed to reduce the debt by $143 billion over 10 years. However, these savings didn't show up until the later years.
President George W. Bush:
President Bush is next, racking up $3.294 trillion over two terms. He responded to the attacks on 9/11 by launching the
War on Terror. This drove military spending to a new records, between $600-$800 billion a year. President Bush also responded to the 2001 recession by passing
EGTRRA and
JGTRRA, otherwise known as the
Bush tax cuts.
President Ronald Reagan:
President Reagan added $1.412 trillion to the debt during his two terms. He fought the 1982 recession by cutting the top income tax rate from 70% to 28%, and the corporate rate from 48% to 34%. He also increased
government spending by 2.5% a year. This included a 35% increase in the defense budget, and an expansion of Medicare. Although $1.412 trillion doesn't sound like a lot, compared to 2012 debt levels, in fact
Reagan's economic policies doubled the debt during his Presidency.
President George H.W. Bush:
President George H.W. Bush added $1.03 trillion to the debt in one term. He responded to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait with Desert Storm. He oversaw the $125 billion bailout to end the
1989 Savings and Loan crisis. Part of his debt contribution was due to lost tax revenue from the 1991 recession.
Although many other Presidents added to the debt, none comes close to these four in terms of overall spending. Part of that is because the U.S. economy, as measured by
GDP, was so much smaller for other Presidents. For example, in 1981 GDP was only $3 trillion, growing by five times to $15 trillion in 2012. See the table below for a year-by-year detail of each President's
budget deficit since President Woodrow Wilson.
(Updated January 31, 2013)
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