And Hank...I have no idea the answer to your query. Maybe you two mental giants can start your own brain trust to figure it out.
Originally Posted by Rudyard K
I spied a humorous similarity in regards to fervently preferring “smooth peanut butter” over “nutty peanut butter,” or vice versa, and Jonathan Swift’s satire. Hence, I was jokingly referring to the little people (the Lilliputians) featured in Jonathan Swift’s “Gulliver’s Travels”; wherein, Swift satirically describes an intra-Lilliputian dispute over the proper way to breakfast on soft-boiled eggs. Let me explain.
In his story, Swift relates that Lilliputians formerly cracked their eggs at the large end and then ate them. More recently, in the history of Lilliput, an Emperor of Lilliput decreed that all eggs be broken at the smaller end. What ensued was a fundamental dispute between Big-Endians (those who broke their eggs at the larger end) and Little-Endians. This dispute manifested itself in “six rebellions . . . wherein one Emperor lost his life, and another his crown.” Swift’s literary Big-Endian/Little-Endian controversy satirically reflected England’s struggle with religious doctrine between the reign of Henry VIII (ruled 1509-1547) and the reign of William and Mary (ruled 1688-1702).
Under King Henry VIII, England rejected
Ultra Montes Catholicism (i.e., Big-Endianism) and became a Protestant (Little-Endianism) kingdom. Protestantism, i.e., Anglican/Episcopalian, prevailed and strengthened under Edward VI (ruled 1547–1553) and Queen Elizabeth I (ruled 1558–1603). There was a momentary hiccup during “Bloody Mary’s” reign (1553-1558). She decreed that all English subjects revert to Catholicism – under penalty of death (BTW records show that Henry VIII was more “bloody” than Mary in stamping out heresy). The religious controversy in England was further exacerbated by first a Catholic (Mary Stuart) then a Presbyterian Scotland (under King James I who ruled simultaneously the separate kingdoms of England and Scotland from 1603–1625).
The years between Henry VIII’s break with the Catholic Church (1534) and the Glorious Revolution (1688), when the Protestant rulers William and Mary were installed, were fraught with religiously spawned revolts and rebellions. As Swift related, one king, Charles I (ruled 1625–1649), lost his life. Another king, Charles II’s son James II (ruled 1685–1688), lost his crown and fled to France. The English Civil War(s) (1642–1651), the Commonwealth of England (1649–53), and the Dictatorship of Oliver Cromwell (1653–59) factor among the religious intolerance and rebellions to which Swift alludes.
This brings me back to your original post:
I'm not sure I know what the answer is here...since as a society we tend to want to allow free speech.
Originally Posted by Rudyard K
It is during this period of English history that an Englishman’s rights were codified, i.e., the Habeas Corpus Act (1679) and the English Bill of Rights (1689). William and Mary had to formally recognize these rights (the English Bill of Rights) as a pre-condition to being accepted as the “constitutional” king and queen of England. You will recognize that some of these rights reappear in the U.S. Constitution; including the guaranteed right to free speech.
And thereupon the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled [English Convention Parliament of 1689]
in a full and free representative of this nation, taking into their most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid, do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usually done) for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties declare
That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal; [Article II of the Constitution]
That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal; [Article II of the Constitution]
That the commission for erecting the late Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes, and all other commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious; [a free a separate judiciary: Articles I, II and III of the Constitution]
That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative, without grant of Parliament, for longer time, or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal; [taxes imposed only by constitutionally elected representatives: Article I of the Constitution and Amendment XVI]
That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal; [Amendment I]
That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law; [Amendment III]
That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law; [Amendment II]
That election of members of Parliament ought to be free; [Articles I and II of the Constitution]
That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament; [Amendment I]
That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted; [Amendment VIII]
That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned, and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders; [Amendments V and VI]
That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and void; [no corresponding clause in the U.S. Constitution]
And that for redress of all grievances, and for the amending, strengthening and preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be held frequently. [Article I of the Constitution]
Of note, of course, is that the English Bill of Rights, while on the one hand guaranteeing certain inalienable rights, specifically forbids Catholic monarchical rule in England and Catholic gun ownership. So it did not extend a guaranteed right to freedom of religion such as the right enjoyed by Americans under the provisions of the 1st Amendment.
Of further note, the English Bill of Rights was not just a reaction of Englishmen against autocratic, Catholic-monarchical rule. It also reflected, but less obviously, a rejection of Oliver Cromwell’s Puritanical Protestant dictatorship: AKA “The Protectorate.”
So, the fundamental rights we today enjoy were born out of centuries of violent, religious strife. Thus, it’s an irony that these same rights may be suborned to effectively deal with our contemporary, religiously-ensconced strife. History records that religious wars are the most difficult to resolve; because, there can be no compromise between the adversaries—the most fervent believers, from both sides, will never subscribe to earthly arbiters.
Sorry for being so long here in my explanation and for being obtuse in my original joke.