Seems to me when we get caught up in this discussion of capitalism vs, socialism, we are missing the point and not recognizing what is really going on in our society that has created a level of income inequality never seen before in this country. Seems to me the real issue is that we don't value or adequately reward hard work in this country, and have not ever since we were introduced into Reganomics, but instead we reward class and "investment" (which is often just sophisticated gambling). For example, if I buy 20 head of cattle, feed them for a year, vaccinate the calves when they are born, pull those calves when the cow is having cavling problems, bust the ice on the pond during the winter when they need to get water to drink, haul hay and feed to them everyday, and basically bust my ass raising them for a year, and then take them to the sale barn, I will pay ordinary income tax on the profits. However, if I sit on my ass in a broker's office and buy some cattle futures on the Board of Trade and gamble on the price those cows and calves will bring next year, I will pay capital gains tax at a lower rate.
Another example, if I borrow some money to start and build a business, bust my ass 60 hours a week building that business, employ and decently pay some employees to help me build that business, if its a success and I am responsible for providing several good jobs, I will pay ordinary income tax on the profits. If instead I borrow that money and go to my broker's office and short some stock on a publicly traded company, and then do everything I can to try and drive that business down, and that business eventually fails, I will make a fortune on shorting the stock and will pay capital gains tax on the resulting profits at a much lower rate, all while sitting on my ass.
Or I could do like Bain Capital and Mr. Romney, and borrow that money to buy a business, use that business' assets as collateral for the loan, suck the profits out of the business, use all of its other assets as collateral for loans and pocket the loan proceeds, and when the business cannot support the debt load and has to close (e.g. Toys R Us, Office Depot or Office Max, and numerous others), put it into bankruptcy and have the tax losses for years to come, all while hundreds of hard working folks have loss their jobs.
So I don't think its about whether hard work is involved, its about what we reward in this country, and its obviously not hard work. I know lots of people who work 60 hours a week, very hard, and are barely surviving....
Originally Posted by MoExec
MoExec, you're missing a few important points.
The USA has the most progressive tax system in the developed world. If you want to reduce inequality, doubling down on a failed strategy by making it even more progressive and taking more from the successful capitalists and investors is not a good idea. Instead we need to work on the government spending side of the equation, by making government more efficient and targeting help in ways that truly help people in the long term. Better education, help for poor children and single mothers provided in an effective and cost efficient manner, and doing something about out of control medical expenses come to mind.
Lower capital gains taxes make sense for several reasons,
1. You want to encourage savings and investment, as these are the basis for growth in the economy and jobs. One way to do this is with lower capital gains taxes.
2. The rest of the world taxes capital gains at lower rates than ordinary income, in large part because of "1" above. Belgium, for example, which is far from a low tax country, has no capital gains tax. Jack up capital gains rates to the ordinary rate of 40.8%, or the 70%+ rates advocated by Sanders, Warren and AOC, and capital will go where it's treated friendlier.
3. If the capital gains rate is too high, people just hang on to things and never sell, to avoid paying the tax. For one thing, you may actually reduce government revenues by raising the tax rate as a result. For another, this disincentive to sell encourages inefficient allocation of capital. You want people selling their shares in buggy whip companies and investing in higher return businesses, solar cells or whatever. This makes everyone more prosperous.
4. A large percentage of capital gains income results from inflation. The rate should be lower to compensate for this. Say one of the old timers here bought stock or real estate back in 1975 and the price hasn't moved. He sells for what he paid for it. After inflation, he'll be losing about 80%. This of course isn't a typical situation, but it highlights the issue.
Please note that a big beneficiary of the the change in the tax laws engineered by Republicans and Trump were the ranchers and small businessment you describe above. If his business is already in a pass through entity or he puts it in one, and his income is under $157,500 ($315,000 for married couples), then he gets a 20% deduction on income. I agree that we should keep taxes low on small businessmen, although it doesn't follow that therefore we should raise them on capital gains and other investment income.
As to people who work their asses off 60 hours a week and barely survive, they're probably not paying much income tax. You're not going to improve their lot by taxing them less. Like I said in the first paragraph, you need to attack this problem by helping them, not dragging down others. And the federal minimum wage should be increased.
Short sales are not, as you think, taxed as long term capital gains. They're taxed at the short term rate, which with Obama's ACA tax is sometimes higher than the tax on ordinary income.
I agree with your concern about private equity borrowing too much money and bankrupting companies. Perhaps we should consider some limits on the deductibility of interest expense, as well as the double taxation on corporate profits and dividends, both of which encourage people to finance acquisitions with debt instead of equity.